解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::11 fruit fly species captured at 47 sites in a natural forest area at Cooloola (south-east Queensland) revealed specific patterns of spatial abundance. Although all species were collected throughout the study area, D. bryoniae, D. mayi, D. neohumeralis and D. tryoni were more prevalent (average number caught per trap)...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376882
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Net photosynthetic rates for the lichen Parmelia praesignis Nyl. were obtained as a function of 5 light levels, 5 temperature levels, and of water content as thalli dried from saturated conditions. Data are described as second order polynomials in the light, and as saturation curves in the dark. Rates in the light wer...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376872
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diurnal course of the xylem water flow in a solitary Salix fragilis L. tree in a wet grassland was measured using the tissue heat-balance method. There was considerable variation due to meteorological factors. Maximum flow rate was 0.4 kg h-1 m-2 of crown projection area, or 5.9 kg h-1 kg-1 leaf dry weight. The da...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376862
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of a number of factors, notably leaf mining insects, on the longevity of beech and holm oak leaves have been studied. The regular monitoring of individually labelled leaves was complemented by analysis of leaf fall data. Both methods confirm that these mining insects have only a slight impact on their host...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377555
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants of Dudleya blochmanae were studied over a growing season (December-June) in their native habitat on the central California coast. During the season soil water potential fluctuatdd widely, becoming unmeasurably negative (<-5.0 MPa) by early May. In contrast, leaf water potential did not fluctuate greatly with th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377545
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An "environmental productivity index" based on physiological responses to three environmental variables was used to predict the net productivity of a common succulent perennial of the Sonoran Desert, Agave deserti, on a monthly basis. Productivity was also independently measured in the field from dry weight changes. T...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377535
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently I proposed a quantitative theory which predicts the partition of resources between vegetative growth and seed production in highly rhizomatous clonal plants (Armstrong 1982, 1983). My basic premise was that this partition should be controlled by basic geometric properties of clonal growth. My conclusions were...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00390674
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of feeding cues determine the palatability of detritus to detritivorous invertebrates. In salt marsh detritus the feeding cues include flavor provided by phenolics such as ferulic acid, pH, salinity, and nitrogen content. We examined the feeding responses to each cue by using experimental manipulations where ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00390664
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants derived from ten representative Limnanthes alba populations in Northern California, grown in a common environment, showed significant among-population genetic variation of certain floral and life history characters. Variation of these two sets of characters also correlated with the geographic distribution of po...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379884
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olfactory responses of parasitoids can be variable. This was shown by olfactometer experiments with females of two sibling Asobara species, larval endoparasitoids of Drosophilidae. Oviposition experiences of adult female parasitoids significantly altered their behavioural responses in microhabitat and host location. F...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379874
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nectar plant utilization by butterflies was compared with the abundance of flowering plants on some SW Swedish meadows. The transportation of pollen grains by individual butterflies was analysed using a scanning electron microscope.For the majority of plant species, butteflies were of minor importance as pollinators. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379789
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::(1) Wars between colonies of the red wood ant, Formica polyctena (Foerst.), are very common in the study area, a dune valley near The Hague, The Netherlands. In an extensive study Mabelis (1979) has put forward a hypothesis that explains the occurrence of wars in terms of protein supply in periods of insufficient prey...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379779
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dependence of leaf water potential (Ψ), osmotic potential (π) and turgor pressure (P) on relative water content (RWC) was determined for leaves of tall and short growth forms of Spartina alterniflora Loisel. from a site on Canary Creek marsh in Lewes, Delaware. Tall plants (ca. 1.5 m) occured along a drainage ditc...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384269
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbohydrate, lipid, and protein compositions are stoichiometrically related to organic CHN (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen) contents. Elemental CHN analyses of total biomass and ash, therefore, provide a basis for the calculation of proximate biochemical composition and bomb caloric value. The classical nitrogen to prote...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384259
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individual male and female Bufo woodhousei spent only two or three nights of the several week breeding season in the pond. In spite of the continual arriving and leaving of individuals the operational sex ratio (the number of females available to mate/number of males attempting to mate) varied little, either temporall...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379020
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two calanoid copepod genera, Boeckella and Calamoecia have broadly similar geographic distributions in Australia but Boeckella is more common than Calamoecia. A field survey and literature search indicate that Boeckella is usually the first calanoid to colonize newly formed bodies of water, and Boeckella is more commo...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379010
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested, through field experiments and simulation models, the hypothesis that fruit-searching tephritid fruit flies adjust their within-tree search persistence according to the sequence and timing of encounters with parasitized (i.e. egg-infested) and unparasitized Crataegus sp. host fruit. In the field, we presente...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377365
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Field evidence indicates that adult microtines, especially females, may be a major cause of poor juvenile survival and this may be instrumental in their population regulation. This suggests that males and females behave differently towards young animals. To examine how adult males, nonlactating females, and lactating ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377385
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The comparative responses of photosynthesis and growth to salinity were investigated for two C3 and one C4 species native to the tidal marshes of the San Francisco Bay-Sacramento River estuary of Northern California. At low salinities (0 or 150 meq l-1), where photosynthetic rates were maximal for all species, the C4 ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377375
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chaparral shrub Eriodictyon californicum produces a flavonoid leaf resin with a chemically similar composition to that previously reported for the sympatric shrub Diplacus aurantiacus. We determined the phenology, resin content, and nitrogen content of Eriodictyon leaves and the leaf area lost to herbivores. Nitro...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379642
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much more tannic acid or pin oak tannin is required to precipitate the abundant leaf protein, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC), from Manduca sexta gut fluid adjusted to pH 6.5 than is required to precipitate this protein from an aqueous buffer at the same pH. This finding demonstrates that some ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379632
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developing eggs of Metrioptera roeseli HGB. have an obligate "embryonic" diapause in stage 23 and a facultative "initial" diapause in stage 4. Initial diapause is lacking when the ovipositing females are kept at long day photoperiod (LD 16/8), but is induced at LD 14/10 and LD 8/16. When natural light conditions are g...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00396769
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::(1) The growth response of two Daphnia species coexisting in Lake Constance to constant and fluctuating conditions of temperature and food was tested in a flowthrough system. (2) In the lake D. hyalina exhibits a pronounced diurnal pattern of vertical migration, whereas D. galeata stays near the surface. The experimen...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00396759
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen availability is a critical component of productivity in successional lowland rainforests, and nitrogen losses from a given system may largely depend on rates of nitrification in soils of the system. Two hypotheses were tested in a study of a 6-point secondary rainforest sere in the coastal lowlands of Costa R...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379093
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rich mammalian fauna is found on islands that lie on the Sunda Shelf, a continental shelf extending from Vietnam to Borneo and Java that was periodically exposed as dry land during the Pleistocene. The correlation between log of island area and number of species is high (r 2=0.94); the slope of the curve is moderate...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379083
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In five California evergreen trees and shrubs cooccurring in this study but most common in habitats of different moisture availability, leaf nitrogen was a major determinant of photosynthetic capacity. Within each species, stomatal conductance was highly correlated with photosynthetic capacity, resulting in little var...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376856
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foragers of the leafcutting ant, Atta cephalotes L. (Formicidae, Attini) seldom or never attack many of the plant species available to them in nature. In the semideciduous forests of lowland Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, one of the tree species seldom cut is Hymenaea courbaril L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae). We...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376846
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cladoceran hatching frequency can easily be calculated from observed egg age distribution and estimated egg development time. The large timelag errors of models incorporating birth rates in the equation are avoided, and the population growth rate can be estimated directly. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379525
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetic properties of NAD malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were analyzed in two genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana collected in two sites of contrasting climates. Plants from each genotype were acclimated under controlled conditions at four different thermoperiods: 5-10° C, 7-15°...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379515
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has commonly been assumed that pollinator energy intake increases with flowering plant density, and visitation to flowers should therefore be higher in denser stands. I therefore investigated the relationship between flight distance and flight time for bumblebees and butterflies foraging on Senecio integerrimus and...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379326
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a typical Dutch polder landscape the effects of nutrient transport from cultivated grassland to mesotrophic fen communities were studied. In a comparative approach, biomass production and nutrient (N, P and K) uptake were determined monthly in four fens and a hayfield differeing in productivity and species composit...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379316
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An automated, fiber optic point quadrat system for vegetation sampling is described. Because the effective point diameter of this system never exceeds 25 μm it minimizes the substantial errors which can arise with conventional point quadrats. Automatic contact detection eliminates operator subjectivity, and permits wo...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378874
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seed predation in relation to patterns of pod (and seed) distribution was examined in five samples of the common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.), in tests of the "resource-concentration" effect both within- and beween-plants. The proportion of pods in a cluster that were attacked, particularly by the weevil Rhyssomatu...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378864
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mark-release-recapture techniques were adapted for studying the territorial black swallowtail butterfly, Papitio polyxenes. Population sizes were similar from year to year and somewhat higher in second broods. The overall sex ratio was a male-biased 4.0:1. Of 340 marked males, 45.3% were recaptured an average of 5.7 t...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378854
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The habitats occupied by species of wood warblers (Emberizidae) were compared at two study areas, Itasca State Park, Minnesota and Mount Blue State Park, Maine. Univariate comparisons of each variable of habitat structure show geographic differences for each species of warbler. Habitats available were also different b...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378844
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing models of microtine population regulation and life history evolution rely on data derived from empirical studies which assume spatial homogeneity of the sampling unit, and infer that population dynamics can be described adequately by aggregation of individuals differing in sex, age and social status. These as...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378834
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The optimal strategy in the design of nature reserves is investigated by means of the theory of island biogeography. Some previous results are revised. A new form of the incidence functions is presented. Their merit is that they do not ignore the minimum area requirements, they are more flexible, and in a number of in...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00388085
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution and movements of two stoat populations were studied by capture-recapture and tracking in the Swiss Jura Mountains. On the Brévine area in summer 1977 the population was at a high density phase and evenly distributed. A well established intrasexual territorial system was observed, with a high degree of...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00388075
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stable carbon isotope techniques were employed to study the food habits of the termite Macrotermes michaelseni (Isoptera: Termitidae) in a semiarid savanna habitat in Kenya. At Kajiado this species utilized approximately 70% herbaceous vegetation (mostly grass) and 30% woody vegetation, while at Ruiru approximately 64...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00388065
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Declines in density of one natural, three artificially-seeded and eight experimental populations of Anadara granosa were monitored over periods ranging from seven to twelve months. For three of four large populations the decline in density has been adequately described by a model of the form N t=N 0·e zt where N t is ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00385241
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00